Energy and entropy : a dynamic duo / Harvey S. Leff.

Energy is typically regarded as understandable, despite its multiple forms of storage and transfer. Entropy, however, is an enigma, in part because of the common view that it represents disorder. That view is flawed and hides entropy's connection with energy. In fact, macroscopic matter stores internal energy, and that matter's entropy is determined by how the energy is stored. Energy and entropy are intimately linked. Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo illuminates connections between energy and entropy for students, teachers, and researchers. Conceptual understanding is emphasised where possible through examples, analogies, figures, and key points. Features: Qualitative demonstration that entropy is linked to spatial and temporal energy spreading, with equilibrium corresponding to the most equitable distribution of energy, which corresponds to maximum entropy Analysis of energy and entropy of matter and photons, with examples ranging from rubber bands, cryogenic cooling, and incandescent lamps to Hawking radiation of black holes Unique coverage of numerical entropy, the 3rd law of thermodynamics, entropic force, dimensionless entropy, free energy, and fluctuations, from Maxwell's demon to Brownian ratchets, plus attempts to violate the second law of thermodynamics

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Energy is Universal -- 1.1 MYSTERIOUS INVISIBLE ENERGY -- 1.1.1 Internal energy -- 1.1.2 Brownian motion -- 1.2 CALORIC: A SEDUCTIVE IDEA -- 1.3 ENERGY TRANSFERS: WORK, HEAT, MASS -- Work -- Heat -- Material transfer -- 1.4 IMAGINED SYSTEMS WITH -- 1.4.1 Rigid bodies -- 1.4.2 Frictionless surfaces -- 1.5 DILUTE GAS MODEL: IDEAL GAS -- 1.6 ENERGY DEFINITIONS, UNITS -- 1.7 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION EXAMPLES -- Chapter 2: Energy is Not Enough -- 2.1 THE WORK-ENERGY THEOREM

2.1.1 Conservation of energy -- 2.1.2 Inadequacy of work-energy theorem -- 2.2 HEAT DEFINED IN TERMS OF WORK -- 2.3 ENERGY IS NOT SUFFICIENT -- 2.4 DISSIPATION, ENERGY SPREADING, EQUITY -- 2.4.1 Energy exchanges & equity -- 2.4.2 Carnot cycle & reversibility -- 2.5 AN OVERVIEW OF TEMPERATURE -- 2.5.1 International temperature scale -- 2.5.2 What is temperature? -- 2.6 CONNECTING ENERGY & ENTROPY -- 2.6.1 Clausius's main contributions -- 2.6.2 Clausius entropy & entropy increase -- 2.6.3 Systems not in equilibrium -- 2.6.4 Disgregation -- 2.6.5 Entropy as missing information

2.6.6 Confusion about entropy -- Chapter 3: Entropy: Energy's Needed Partner -- 3.1 COMPOSITE SYSTEMS -- 3.2 ENTROPY & PROBABILITY -- 3.2.1 Why probabilities? -- 3.2.2 Boltzmann, probability & entropy -- 3.3 ENTROPY VS. ENERGY GRAPHS -- 3.3.1 Concavity -- 3.3.2 Reflections on the entropy vs. energy curve -- 3.3.3 Equity revisited -- 3.4 BOLTZMANN RESERVOIR & PROBABILITY -- 3.4.1 Boltzmann reservoir -- 3.4.2 Boltzmann factor -- 3.4.3 Statistical mechanics -- 3.5 HELMHOLTZ FREE ENERGY -- 3.5.1 Understanding free energy -- 3.5.2 Available energy and exergy

3.5.3 Available energy with finite reservoirs -- 3.5.4 Entropic force -- Chapter 4: Gases, Solids, Polymers -- 4.1 IDEAL GAS SACKUR-TETRODE ENTROPY -- 4.1.1 Quantum ideal gases -- 4.2 NONIDEAL GASES & THE VIRIAL EXPANSION -- 4.2.1 Liquid-vapour phase transition -- 4.2.2 Clausius-Clapeyron equation -- 4.2.3 Van der Waals gas -- 4.2.4 Virial expansion -- 4.3 MIXING ENTROPY FUNCTION -- 4.3.1 Mixing or expansion? -- 4.3.2 Mixing entropy function -- 4.3.3 Gibbs paradox & information -- 4.3.4 The role of information -- 4.4 MODELS OF SOLIDS -- 4.4.1 Einstein model -- 4.4.2 Debye solid

4.5 PARAMAGNETS & FERROMAGNETS -- 4.5.1 Ideal paramagnet -- 4.5.2 Negative temperature -- 4.5.3 Ferromagnets -- 4.6 RUBBER BANDS -- 4.6.1 Rubber band experiment -- 4.6.2 Model of a rubber band -- 4.7 NUCLEAR BINDING ENERGY, FISSION, FUSION -- 4.8 JARZYNSKI FREE ENERGY EQUALITY -- 4.8.1 Examples of the Jarzynski equality -- Chapter 5: Radiation & Photons -- 5.1 EM RADIATION & TEMPERATURE -- 5.2 BLACKBODY RADIATION -- 5.3 THE PHOTON GAS -- 5.3.1 What is a photon gas? -- 5.3.2 Photon gas equations & graphs -- 5.3.3 Photon gas processes -- 5.4 KIRCHHOFF'S & PLANCK'S LAWS -- 5.4.1 Incandescent lamps

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