Microbial infections and cancer therapy / edited by Ananda M. Chakrabarty, Arsénio M. Fialho.

Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; 1: Bifidobacterium as a Delivery System of Functional Genes for Cancer Therapy; 1.1 The Potential Superiority of Bifidobacterium as a Delivery System for Cancer Gene Therapy; 1.1.1 The Biological Features of Bifidobacterium Associated with Cancer Gene Therapy; 1.1.2 Endogenous Plasmids and Cloning Vectors in Bifidobacterium; 1.1.3 Expression Plasmids in Bifidobacterium for Cancer Gene Therapy; 1.1.3.1 Plasmid pBLES100; 1.1.3.2 Plasmid pGEX-1LamdaT; 1.1.3.3 Plasmids pBV220 and pBV22210

1.2 The Anticancer Mechanism of Bifidobacterium as an Oral Delivery System for Cancer Gene Therapy1.2.1 Oral Administration of Bifidobacterium Affects the Immune System; 1.2.2 Oral Administration of Bifidobacterium Modulates Gut Microbial Community; 1.2.3 Oral Administration of Bifidobacterium Affects Cancer Cell Signal Transduction; 1.3 The Application of Bifidobacterium as a Delivery System of Functional Genes for Cancer Therapy; 1.3.1 Bifidobacterium as a Delivery System of Functional Genes for Cancer Gene Therapy; 1.3.2 Bifidobacterium Combination with Other Fac tors for Synergy

1.3.2.1 Combination with radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs1.3.2.2 Combination with prebiotics; 1.3.2.3 Combination with trace element selenium; 1.3.3 The New Mutagenesis Strategies for Genetic Modification of Bifidobacterium; 1.3.3.1 Single-crossover plasmid insertion; 1.3.3.2 Double-crossover and double-crossover markerless gene deletion; 1.3.3.3 Homologous recombination mediated by a temperature-sensitive plasmid; 1.4 Future Prospects; 2: Therapy with Oncolytic Clostridium novyi-NT: From Mice to Men; 2.1 Targeted Therapies at the Tissue Level

2.2 Clostridia as Live Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Therapy2.3 C. novyt NT as a Live Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Therapy; 2.3.1 C. novyi; 2.3.2 C. novyi-NT; 2.4 Preclinical Studies: Toxicity Associated with C. novyi-NT Treatment; 2.5 Preclinical Studies: Therapeutic Effects; 2.6 Preclinical Studies: Combination Approaches for Optimized Efficacy; 2.7 From Bench to Bedside; 2.8 Clinical Studies: Canine Trial; 2.9 Clinical Studies: Phase I Human Trial; 2.10 Summaiy and Future Perspectives; 3: Genetic Engineering of Clostridial Strains for Cancer Therapy

3.1 Tumor Hypoxia and Necrosis: A Blessing in Disguise?3.2 Clostridia as Cancer-Fighting Agents; 3.2.1 Embodiment of Treatment; 3.2.1.1 Administration route and form; 3.2.1.2 Tumor colonization; 3.2.1.3 Mechanism of action; 3.2.1.4 Termination of treatment; 3.2.2 Limitations of Clostridial Oncolysis; 3.3 Genetic Engineering Approaches; 3.3.1 The Underpinning Science; 3.3.1.1 Genetic tools; 3.3.1.2 Strain selection; 3.3.2 Clostridial-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy; 3.3.2.1 Cytosine deaminase; 3.3.2.2 Nitroreductases; 3.3.2.3 Carboxypeptidase G2; 3.3.3 Clostridial-Directed Antibody Therapy

3.3.3.1 Anti-hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha antibody

This book deals with the emerging concept that certain pathogenic bacteria and viruses, when infecting people with cancer, actively fight tumors, allowing their regression. Although such observations go back more than 100 years, use of specific bacterial strains, or viruses, usually genetically modified with known anticancer drugs, and their protein/peptide products, has gained ground in recent years, allowing significant cancer regression in clinical trials with stage III/IV cancer patients or even in pediatric brain tumor patients, often without any demonstration of toxicity. It is composed of 12 chapters written by pioneers in microbial, biotech, and cancer research and covers the emerging roles of various microorganisms and their products in cancer therapy. The book highlights the benefits of using conventional cancer treatments (such as chemo- and radiotherapies) with microbial-based therapies. Such combinatorial therapies have gained particular attention as a strategy to overcome drug resistance, and the readers of the book will discover their impact on fundamental research and promising results from clinical trials.

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